Brain Food

Fish, especially fatty fish such as salmon and lake trout, are a good source of Omega-3 fatty acids which helps brain function. Omega-3 has also been linked to cardiovascular health. The American Heart Association recommends eating at least two servings of fish a week and offers good advice on the risk vs. benefits of eating fish. Some fish, especially older and larger predatory fish, contain high levels of mercury and/or PCBs. These contaminants can adversely effect fetal and infant development, so women and young children are advised against eating these fish, especially from certain water sources. Fortunately, many of the lakes in our region, including Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, do not have chemical contamination warnings and can be consumed weekly as part of a nutritious meal. Below is a chart from the NYS Department of Health about eating sport fish which specifically shows waters that have contamination concerns in the Finger Lakes Region. Eating a variety of species per month is also recommended.

Finger Lakes Region

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Women under 50 years and children under 15 years

Don't eat any fish from the waters listed below.

All others

Should follow the advice listed below.

Water [*] (County)	Species	Advice	Chemical(s) of Concern
Canadice Lake [10] (Ontario)	Lake trout over 23"	Don't eat	PCBs
	Brown trout and smaller lake trout	Eat up to one meal per month	PCBs
Chenango River [34]	Walleye over 22"	Eat up to one meal per month	Mercury
Irondequoit Bay [9] (Monroe)	Carp	Don't eat	PCBs, Mirex
Keuka Lake [11] (Yates & Steuben)	Lake trout over 25"	Eat up to one meal per month	DDT
Koppers Pond [12] (Chemung)	Carp	Eat up to one meal per month	PCBs
Lake Ontario [8] - Whole lake Harvest/possession of Lake Ontario American eel is prohibited per NYS DEC Regulations.	Channel catfish, carp, lake trout over 25" and brown trout over 20"	Don't eat	PCBs, Mirex, Dioxin
	Chinook salmon, rainbow trout, white sucker, smaller lake trout, smaller brown trout and coho salmon over 25"	Eat up to one meal per month	PCBs, Mirex, Dioxin
- West of Point Breeze	White perch	Don't eat	PCBs, Mirex, Dioxin
- East of Point Breeze	White perch	Eat up to one meal per month	PCBs, Mirex, Dioxin
Onondaga Lake [14] (Onondaga)	Largemouth bass and smallmouth bass over 15" and walleye	Don't eat	Mercury, PCBs
	Carp, channel catfish and white perch	Don't eat	PCBs, Mercury, Dioxin
	All fish not listed	Eat up to one meal per month	Mercury, PCBs
	Brown bullhead and pumpkinseed	Eat up to four meals per month	Mercury, PCBs
Rushford Lake [7] (Allegany)	Walleye	Eat up to one meal per month	Mercury
Seneca River [15] - Downstream of Lock 24 at Baldwinsville	See Onondaga Lake
Skaneateles Creek [13] - From dam at Skaneateles to Seneca River (Onondaga)	Brown trout over 10"	Eat up to one meal per month	PCBs
Susquehanna River [35]	Walleye over 22"	Eat up to one meal per month	Mercury
All waters not listed above in the Finger Lakes Region: All ages men, women and children	All fish species	Eat up to four meals per month

Note: The specific advisories for the waters listed above also apply to tributaries and connected waters if there are no barriers to stop the fish from crossing, such as dams or falls.

Here is an easy, nutritious fish recipe that kids like too!

Creamy Dijon Fish Fillets

1 lb. firm, skinless, boneless, fish fillets (such as trout, salmon, perch, etc)

1/2 cup mayonnaise (low fat)

2 T. Dijon-style mustard

3 T. grated Parmesan cheese

black pepper to taste

Preheat broiler with oven rack in proper position. Rinse the fillets, pat dry and place on a broiler pan (you may want to lightly grease the pan with some oil to prevent sticking). In a small bowl, mix the mayonnaise, mustard, cheese and pepper. Spread this mixture evenly over the fish fillets. Broil the fillets for 4-7 minutes, depending on the size and thickness of the fish, or just until the fish flakes with a fork. Do not overcook or the fish will be dry. Serves 3-4.

National Lake Trout Derby, Seneca Lake, NY

This weekend is the National Lake Trout Derby held every year on Seneca Lake. Cash prizes are given for the largest Brown Trout, Rainbow Trout, and land-locked Salmon. More information can be found on the National Lake Trout Derby website.

Grilling is a great way to enjoy these delicious, healthy, fish species. Simply place skinless, boneless trout fillets in your favorite citrus flavored marinade for about 10 minutes while your grill is heating up. Grill the fillets either on foil or in a fish pan (so they don't fall through the grill rack) for about 5 minute per side or until cooked through and flake easily with a fork. You can brush more of the marinade on as you grill.

Happy fishing!

Smoked Lake Trout Spread

Lake trout are still being caught in Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, though spiny water fleas are interfering with down rigger lines. Jigging maybe the best way to fish them right now. Here is a delicious recipe utilizing smoked lake trout...

Smoked Lake Trout Spread

3/4 lb. smoked trout fillets (any species)
1/2 cup sour cream, light preferably
8 oz. cream cheese, low fat preferably, room temperature
2 Tbsp. fresh lemon juice
1 tsp. grated lemon zest/rind
1 Tbsp. horseradish mustard

1-2 Tbsp. finely chopped red onion or shallot
1/4 tsp pepper (or to taste)
2 Tbsp. fresh chopped parsley and/or dill


Flake the smoked trout and add it along with all remaining ingredients to a food processor or blender. Blend until almost smooth. Serve on cracker or bread as an appetizer with perhaps a sprig of parsley or dill for garnish. Will keep for up to 5 days if covered and kept refrigerated.

If you are out of crackers on a Sunday afternoon, here is an easy cracker recipe...

Sesame Thyme Crackers

1 1/4 cup whole grain white flour (all purpose will work)

2 T. olive oil

1/2 t. salt

4 T. cold water

3 T. sesame seeds

1 T. fresh or dried thyme (or other herbs)

Mix all ingredients in a food processor until dough forms a ball (dough can also be mixed by hand). Roll the dough out on parchment paper placed on a cookie sheet (or just directly on a cookie sheet) to 1/8" thickness and cut into squares. Bake at 400 degrees for 10-15 minutes, until golden brown and crisp.

National Trout Derby on Seneca Lake

Seneca Lake is renown as a trout fishery. Every year over Memorial Day weekend the National Lake Trout Derby is held with the largest Brown, Landlocked Salmon or Lake Trout taking home a $5,000 Grand Prize. Trout is delicious on the grill, smoked, or in almost any Salmon recipe. Below are some photos of filleting to compliment this previous post description of the technique,

"To fillet the trout start with a very sharp fillet knife (a good fillet knife should have some flex to it). Place the fish on a cutting board with it's spine facing you. Cut behind the gill in a slight arc to the backbone and slide the knife in a gently see-sawing action along the backbone and ribs to the tail. Leave the fillet attached to the end of the tail and turn the fillet over so the skin side is down. Then, starting where the fillet is attached to the tail, gently slide your fillet knife along the skin, keeping the skin taught, to remove the skin from the fillet. West Virginia Extension has an excellent Trout processing resource, including pictures and videos on how to butterfly fillet trout."

Trout Season Open

(Photo from NYS DEC website)

Trout fishing opened on April 1st. To get up to date information on the fishing, check out the DEC Central NY Fishing Hotline.

The weather has been gorgeous and perfect for outdoor grilling. Here is a simple grilled trout recipe...

Grilled Trout

4-five to six ounce trout fillets

2 T. lemon juice

2 T. olive or canola oil

1T. fresh dill, chopped (or 1 t. dried dill)

1T. fresh parsley, chopped (or 1 t. dried parsley)

salt and pepper to taste (about 1/2 t. each)

Mix lemon juice, oil, herbs and seasoning in a shallow baking dish or pie plate. Add the trout fillets to this mixture, being sure to coat both sides of the fish. Meanwhile light the grill. Oil the grill or grill pan before cooking the fish. Cook the fish about 2 minutes per side over moderate heat, or until opaque. Serve with fresh lemon wedges. Serves 4.

Smoked Lake Trout

Seneca and Cayuga lake provide delicious lake trout, brown trout, rainbow trout and landlocked salmon. Seneca Lake is hot right now for lakers (with less spiny water fleas to mess up fishing lines). You may keep in combination up to 5 fish a day (to include no more than 3 lake trout and no more than 3 landlocked) with a minimum length of 15", though there is an 18" minimum for landlocked salmon on Cayuga lake. DEC has a nice, one page fishing regulation guide for the Finger Lakes region to print and have on hand. Some of the lake and brown trout caught over the weekend had a lovely orange hue, similar to salmon, due to the carotenoids in the flesh from the fish eating small crustaceans. Wild trout is very nutritious, being high in Omega-3 fatty acids and an excellent source of vitamin B12, Niacin, and protein.

To fillet the trout start with a very sharp fillet knife (a good fillet knife should have some flex to it). Place the fish on a cutting board with it's spine facing you. Cut behind the gill in a slight arc to the backbone and slide the knife in a gently see-sawing action along the backbone and ribs to the tail. Leave the fillet attached to the end of the tail and turn the fillet over so the skin side is down. Then, starting where the fillet is attached to the tail, gently slide your fillet knife along the skin, keeping the skin taught, to remove the skin from the fillet. West Virginia Extension has an excellent Trout processing resource, including pictures and videos on how to butterfly fillet trout.

Once you have filleted and rinsed your trout place it in a brine for 6-12 hours. Brine should be kept cold, such as in a refrigerator.

Brine for trout:
1/2 cup pickeling or sea salt
2 qts. cold water
2-4 Tbsp brown sugar
2 Tbsp pickling spices (you can experiment with other flavors, such as dill and lemon peel, garlic, asian flavorings of soy, ginger and lemongrass, etc)

Mix all ingredients, making sure the salt dissolves. Make sure the brine is cold when fish are placed in it. Use a glass or ceramic container, do not use a metal bowl.

After you have brined your trout fillets, place them on slightly oiled metal racks (can use the smoker racks) and let them dry for about one hour to form a slight glossy shine, a pellicle. This locks in the juices and flavors. A fan can be used to speed up the process.

Preheat the smoker and then smoke your fillets according to the directions of your smoker. Usually the fish will be smoked at 225 degrees until it reaches an internal temperature of 180 degrees (about 2 hours).

Smoked Trout fillets are excellent served with crackers and cheese as an appetizer. They also make nice sandwiches, salad (similar to a tuna salad), and a spread when mixed with cream cheese, spices and spread on crackers or crusty bread. Delicious!

Opening Day for Trout

photo source:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Trout and Salmon fishing seasons opened April 1st! New York State DEC issued a handy tips and reminders publication for opening day of Trout that has great information on stocking, public fishing maps, license and regulation information, and local fishing forecasts.

Here is an easy recipe for baked trout...

Creamy Parmesan Baked Trout

1 lb. trout fillet (any species)
1/4 cup sour cream, light preferably
3 Tbsp. mayonnaise, low fat preferably
1 Tbsp. fresh lemon juice
1/4 cup grated parmesan cheese
2 Tbsp. finely chopped red onion
1/2 tsp salt, 1/4 tsp pepper (or to taste)
2 Tbsp. fresh chopped parsley (optional)
paprika to sprinkle on top (optional)

Preheat oven to 350 degrees and lightly grease (with butter) a 13"x9" baking dish.
In a small bowl mix sour cream, mayonnaise, lemon juice, parmesian cheese, onion, salt and pepper. Place cleaned trout fillets in greased 13"x 9" pan and then spread the parmesan cheese mixture evenly on top of fish. Sprinkle with paprika and parsley if desired. Bake, uncovered, at 350 degrees for about 20 minutes or until fish flakes lightly with a fork (being careful to not over cook the fish).